Multiple secondary sources confirm the existence of both vaccines and the broad outline of the claim. Phase-1 clinical trials began in June 2025, enrolling 48 volunteers for Enteromix, a personalized mRNA colorectal cancer vaccine developed by Russia's FMBA. The scientific journey of Enteromix began with a Phase I clinical trial conducted between June and December 2025, involving just 48 volunteers with colorectal cancer, was designed primarily to assess safety and immune response, not to prove efficacy. Initial Phase I trials began in June 2025 with 48 colorectal cancer patients. Results showed tumor reduction of 60–80% in some cases, with complete elimination in early-stage patients.

However, other reporting attributes the 60 to 80 percent tumor reduction figure to preclinical (animal model) testing, not to the human Phase I trial. According to IBTimes UK, Enteromix from the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, completed pre-clinical testing last year showing safety and effectiveness in reducing tumour size and slowing growth in models by 60 to 80 per cent in some assessments . This creates a genuine ambiguity in the source reporting: some outlets present the 60 to 80 percent figure as a Phase I human result; others present it as preclinical animal-model data.

For Neoonkovak, In early April a 60-year-old resident of the Kursk region with skin melanoma became the first recipient of Neoonkovak, a treatment created using information from their own tumour antigens to train the immune system. Alexander Ginzburg, director of the Gamaleya Centre in a EA Daily report, said 'the new antitumor mRNA vaccine Neoonkovak gave the first results of treatment', with observed shifts in cytokine production indicating an immune response.

On availability and policy: In 2025, the Russian Federal Medical-Biological Agency announced Enteromix, a personalised mRNA vaccine for colorectal cancer, with Phase I trials starting in June 2025. Then, in April 2026, the Gamaleya Centre treated the first patient with Neoonkovak, a personalised melanoma mRNA vaccine. Russian officials say the treatments will be free for citizens under state insurance.

On evidence quality: independent experts have consistently urged caution. Exaggerated claims about Russia's cancer vaccine Enteromix sweep across Africa , and cited experts have said "I can find no peer-reviewed academic evidence of this vaccine Enteromix being tested in human clinical trials" . A review notes that The current lack of peer-reviewed scientific publications limits transparency and independent scrutiny. The relatively small sample size in the Phase I trial restricts broader inferences.